Diabetes has a significant impact on oral health, increasing the risk of issues such as cavities, periodontal (gum) disease, infections, and delayed healing of oral wounds.
Prevention and proper diabetes management are essential to minimizing these risks, including maintaining strict oral hygiene, scheduling regular dental check-ups, and keeping blood glucose levels under control.
What is diabetes and how does it affect the body?
Diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by elevated blood glucose (sugar) levels due to impaired insulin production or function.
There are different types of diabetes, but in all cases, excess blood sugar over time can damage tissues, blood vessels, and vital organs.
This imbalance also affects the tissues in the oral cavity, where the gums, teeth, tongue, and mucosa can suffer both direct and indirect consequences of poor glycemic control.
Gum disease (periodontal disease):
High blood sugar levels can feed the bacteria in the mouth, leading to plaque and tartar buildup. This causes inflammation and bleeding of the gums, and eventually leads to periodontal disease.
Cavities:
Diabetes can increase the amount of glucose in saliva, providing fuel for the bacteria that cause tooth decay.
Slow healing:
People with diabetes may experience slower healing of oral wounds and ulcers, which can delay the recovery from infections or injuries in the mouth.
Dry mouth (xerostomia):
Diabetes can reduce saliva production, leading to dry mouth and increasing the risk of cavities and other oral complications.
Fungal infections:
Diabetes can increase the risk of fungal infections such as oral thrush, which causes white or red patches in the mouth.
Bad breath:
In cases of uncontrolled diabetes, a fruity-smelling breath may develop due to ketoacidosis—a potentially serious complication.
Oral symptoms that may signal a problem:
If you have diabetes, watch out for these signs:
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Red, swollen, or bleeding gums
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Persistent bad breath
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Loose or shifting teeth
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Pain when chewing
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Mouth sores that take a long time to heal
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Constant dry mouth
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Burning or pain in the tongue
These may be signs of periodontal disease, infections, or other issues that require professional attention.
Treatments and care for patients with diabetes:
The main goal is to prevent and treat any oral condition early on, with an approach tailored to the specific needs of diabetic patients.
Key recommendations:
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Maintain strict oral hygiene: gentle and thorough brushing, daily flossing, and alcohol-free mouthwash.
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Visit the dentist at least every 6 months—or more frequently if periodontal disease is present.
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Always inform your dentist about your diabetes diagnosis and blood sugar control status.
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Avoid tobacco use, as it significantly increases the risk of periodontitis.
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Consistently monitor your diet and blood glucose levels.
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In the case of surgery or invasive treatments, follow your dentist’s or doctor’s specific instructions to avoid complications.
Diabetes doesn’t just affect the body internally—your mouth can also serve as a warning sign.
Often, the first symptoms of poor glucose control appear in the gums or on the tongue.
That’s why close collaboration between the patient, physician, and dentist is essential to prevent and manage any complications.
Do you have diabetes and want to take care of your smile? At Clínica Dental Ceballos we design a dental plan adapted to you.
Contact us at: +34 636 666 657
